1/20/2024 Determine the force due to hydrostatic pressure on the flat vertical side of a tankRead Now![]() ![]() Plasma will not be discussed in depth in this chapter because plasma has very different properties from the three other common phases of matter, discussed in this chapter, due to the strong electrical forces between the charges. At high temperatures, molecules may disassociate into atoms, and atoms disassociate into electrons (with negative charges) and protons (with positive charges), forming a plasma. There exists one other phase of matter, plasma, which exists at very high temperatures. ![]() In this chapter, we generally refer to both gases and liquids simply as fluids, making a distinction between them only when they behave differently. When placed in an open container, gases, unlike liquids, will escape. This makes gases relatively easy to compress and allows them to flow (which makes them fluids). In contrast, atoms in gases are separated by large distances, and the forces between atoms in a gas are therefore very weak, except when the atoms collide with one another. Because the atoms are closely packed, liquids, like solids, resist compression an extremely large force is necessary to change the volume of a liquid. ![]() When a liquid is placed in a container with no lid, it remains in the container. That is, liquids flow (so they are a type of fluid), with the molecules held together by mutual attraction. This occurs because the atoms or molecules in a liquid are free to slide about and change neighbors. Liquids deform easily when stressed and do not spring back to their original shape once a force is removed. c) Determine the tension in a cable when the trough is filled to the top with water (assume the specific weight of the water is given by g 62.4 lbs/ft3). b) Determine the magnitude and location of an equivalent force for the hydrostatic load of the water. A gas must be held in a closed container to prevent it from expanding freely and escaping. a) Make a sketch of the pressure distribution on gate AB. (c) Atoms in a gas move about freely and are separated by large distances. Forces between the atoms strongly resist attempts to compress the atoms. (b) Atoms in a liquid are also in close contact but can slide over one another. 4.33 The difference between the slop and the direction angle.Figure 14.2 (a) Atoms in a solid are always in close contact with neighboring atoms, held in place by forces represented here by springs. ![]()
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